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Previous Lasker Award Winners
Clinical Research Awards
1999
David Cushman and Miguel OndettiFor developing an innovative approach to drug design based on protein structure and using it to create the ACE inhibitors, powerful oral agents for the treatment of high blood pressure, heart failure, and diabetic kidney disease.
1998
Alfred G. Knudson, Jr., Peter C. Nowell, and Janet D. RowleyFor incisive studies in patient-oriented research that paved the way for identifying genetic alterations that cause cancer in humans and that allow for cancer diagnosis in patients at the molecular level.
1997
Alfred Sommer, M.D., M.H.S.For the understanding and demonstration that low-dose vitamin A supplementation in millions of third world children can prevent death from infectious diseases as well as blindness.
1996
Porter Warren Anderson Jr., Ph.D., David Hamilton Smith, M.D., John B. Robbins, M.D. and Rachel Schneerson, M.D.For the landmark development of a polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccine for Hemophilus influenzae type b.
1995
Barry J. Marshall, M.D.For the visionary discovery that Helicobacter pylori causes peptic ulcer disease.
1994
John Allen Clements, M.D.For his brilliant studies defining and describing the role of pulmonary surfactant and in developing a life-saving artificial surfactant now used in premature infants around the world.
1993
Donald Metcalf, M.D.For his outstanding discovery of the colony-stimulating factors, two of which are widely used to treat patients with cancer and diseases of blood cell formation.
1991
Yuet Wai Kan, M.D., D.Sc.For his pivotal contributions to the development of human genetics, most importantly in the area of the hemoglobinopathies using recombinant DNA technology.
1989
Etienne-Emile Baulieu, M.D., Ph.D.For his contributions to the broad field of steroid hormone biosynthesis, metabolism, and receptors, and for developing RU 486, the first safe, effective contragestive medication.
1988
Vincent P. Dole, M.D.For postulating the physiological basis of narcotic addiction and for developing methadone treatment for heroin addiction.
1987
Mogens Schou, M.D.For his landmark systematic clinical trials of lithium as therapy and prophylaxis for manic depressive illness which initiated a revolution in the treatment of mental disease,
1986
Myron Essex, D.V.M., Ph.D.For his creative research on the impact of retroviral infection on the human immune system.
Robert C. Gallo, M.D.
For determining that the retrovirus now known as HIV-1 is the cause of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).
Luc Montagnier, M.D.
For detecting a retrovirus later identified as the cause of AIDS.
1985
Bernard Fisher, M.D.For his profound influence in shaping the character of modern breast cancer treatment, thus lengthening and enriching the lives of women suffering from this dread disease.
1984
Paul C. Lauterbur, Ph.D.For his theoretical and technical contributions which made possible a new form of medical imaging based on nuclear magnetic resonance
1983
F. Mason Sones, Jr., M.D.For combining the techniques of cardiac catheterization and coronary artery cinematography, thus inaugurating the modern era of diagnosis and treatment of coronary artery disease.
1982
Roscoe 0. Brady, M.D.For his pioneering contribution to the understanding of hereditary diseases, the development of effective genetic counseling procedures, and initiation of possible treatment by replacement of missing enzymes.
Elizabeth F. Neufeld, Ph.D.
For clarifying the molecular basis and diagnosis of certain hereditary lysosomal storage disorders that may cause growth abnormalities, mental retardation, blindness, deafness and death.
1981
Louis Sokoloff, M.D.For developing a pioneering method of mapping and measuring brain function, both as a whole and in localized areas-a monumental breakthrough in the understanding and diagnosis of brain diseases.
1980
Professor Sir Cyril A. Clarke, K.B.E., M.D., F.R.C.P., F.R.S.For illuminating the genetics of RH factor, and for directing essential research into hemolytic disease of the newborn.
Ronald Finn, M.D., ER.C.P.
For brilliantly elucidating the immunologic protective mechanisms in pregnancy, and for showing how anti-RH antibody can defend the unborn child.
Vincent J. Freda, M.D., F.A.C.O.G.
For his vital clinical research in developing anti-RH vaccine, which promises the conquest of hemolytic disease of the newborn.
John G. Gorman, M.D.
For his creative, balanced insight, which joined knowledge of immunology with the therapeutic development of the life-saving anti-RH vaccine.
William Pollack, Ph.D.
For his critical contributions of immunologic expertise and pharmaceutical understanding in the development of the anti-RH vaccine.
1978
Michael Heidelberger, Ph.D.For the development and clear demonstration of the efficacy of purified polysaccharide vaccine against pneumococcal diseases.
Robert Austrian, M.D.
For the development and clear demonstration of the efficacy of purified polysaccharide vaccine against pneumococcal diseases.
Emil C. Gotschlich, M.D.
For his leading role in the development and clear demonstration of the efficacy of purified polysaccharide vaccine against meningococcal diseases.
1977
Inge G. Edler, M.D.For pioneering the clinical application of ultrasound as a non-invasive too] in the medical diagnosis of abnormalities of the heart.
C. Hellmuth Hertz, Ph.D.
For pioneering the development of ultrasound technology in medicine.
1976
Raymond P. Ahlquist, Ph.D. For his concept of alpha and beta receptors, which opened the door to the development of propranolol.
J. W Black, M.D., F.R.S.*
For development of propranolol in the treatment of heart diseases.
1975
Godfrey N. Hounsfield, F.R.S.*For discoveries which have revolutionized diagnostic radiology.
William Oldendorf, M.D.
For discoveries which have envisaged a revolution in diagnostic radiology.
1974
John Charnley, C.B.E., D.Sc., F.R.C.S., F.A.C.S.For his conceptual and technical contributions to total hip joint replacement which have opened new horizons of research and treatment in arthritis and crippling joint diseases.
1973
Paul M. Zoll, M.D.For his development of the life-saving closed chest defibrillator and the pacemaker.
William B. Kouwenhoven, Dr.Ing., M.D.
For his life-saving development of open and closed chest defibrillators, and for originating the technique of external cardiac massage.
I972
Min Chiu Li, M.D.For his outstanding contribution to the successful chemotherapeutic treatment of gestational choriocarcinoma.
Roy Hertz, M.D.
For his outstanding contribution to the successful chemotherapeutic treatment of gestational choriocarcinoma.
Denis Burkitt, M.D.
For his outstanding contribution in first identifying Burkitt's tumor.
Joseph H. Burchenal, M.D.
For his outstanding contribution in recognizing the importance of Burkitt's tumor as a model.
V. Anomah Ngu, M.S., F.R.C.S.
For his outstanding contribution to the expansion of the successful chemotherapeutic treatment of Burkitt's tumor.
John L. Ziegler, M.D.
For his outstanding contribution in increasing the cure rate of Burkitt's tumor by chemotherapy.
Edmund Klein, M.D.
For his outstanding contribution in the treatment of premalignant and malignant cancers of the skin.
Emil Frei III, M.D.
For his outstanding contribution in the application of the concept of combination chemotherapy to lymphoma and acute adult leukemia.
Emil J Freireich, M.D.
For his outstanding contributions in combination chemotherapy, and in supportive care of patients receiving combination chemotherapy for acute leukemia.
James F. Holland, M.D.
For his outstanding contribution to the concept and application of combination therapy in the treatment of acute leukemia in children.
Donald Pinkel, M.D.
For his outstanding contribution to advances in the concept of combination therapy in the treatment of acute leukemia in children.
Paul P. Carbone, M.D.
For his outstanding contribution to the concept of combination therapy in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease.
Vincent T. DeVita, Jr., M.D.
For his outstanding contribution to the concept of combination therapy in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease.
Eugene J. Van Scott, M.D.
For his outstanding contribution to the concept of topical chemotherapy in the treatment of mycosis fungoides.
Isaac Djerassi, M.D.
For his outstanding contribution in the supportive care, by platelet transfusion, of patients receiving intensive chemotherapy.
Special Award to C. Gordon Zubrod, M.D.
For his leadership in expanding the frontiers of cancer chemotherapy.
1971
Edward D. Freis, M.D.For his demonstration of the life-saving effectiveness of drugs in the treatment of moderate hypertension.
1970
Robert A. Good, M.D.For his uniquely important contributions to our understanding of the mechanism of immunity.
1969
George C. Cotzias, M.D.For his demonstration of the effectiveness of large daily dosages of L-DOPA in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
1968
John H. Gibbon, Jr., M.D.For designing and developing the heart-lung machine.
1967
Robert Allan Phillips, M.D. (Capt. MC, USN Ret.)For his enormous contribution toward the conquest of cholera.
1966
Sidney Farber, M.D.For his original use of aminopterin and methotrexate in the control of acute childhood leukemia, and for his constant leadership in the search for chemical agents against cancer.
1965
Albert B. Sabin, M.D.For the development of a live, oral poliovirus vaccine.
1964
Nathan S. Kline, M.D.For the introduction and use of iproniazid in the treatment of severe depressions.
1963
Michael E. DeBakey, M.D.For his brilliant leadership and professional accomplishments, which were responsible in a large measure for inaugurating a new era in cardiovascular surgery.
Charles Huggins, M.D.*
For his role as catalyst in modern endocrine studies of tumor control in animals and men.
1962
Joseph E. Smadel, M.D.For outstanding contributions to the understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of virus and rickettsial diseases, including the demonstration of the efficacy of chloramphenicol as a cure for rickettsial infectionstyphoid fever, epidemic and scrub typhus.
1960
Karl Paul Link, Ph.D.; Irving S. Wright, M.D.; and Edgar V. Allen, M.D.Joint award for pioneering the development and use of anticoagulant drugs.
1959
John Holmes Dingle, M.D.For outstanding studies which have added significantly to our knowledge and ability to control acute respiratory diseases.
Gilbert Dalldorf, M.D.
For his demonstration of the ability of one virus to modify the course of infection by another and for his discovery of Coxsackie virus by a unique and broadly applicable technique.
Robert E. Gross, M.D.
For distinguished achievement: performing the first successful operation on an inborn cardiovascular defect.
1958
Robert W. Wilkins, M.D.For distinguished contributions to the control of heart and blood vessel diseases through outstanding investigations in causes, diagnosis and treatment of hypertension.
1957
Rustom Jal Vakil, M.D.; Nathan S. Kline, M.D.; Robert H. Noce, M.D.; Henri Laborit, M.D.;Pierre Deniker, M.D.; and Heinz E. Lehmann, M.D.Joint award. To Dr. Jal Vakil for his brilliant and systematic studies on Rauwolfia in hypertension. To Dr. Kline for his demonstrations of the value of Rau'wolfia derivatives, especially reserpine, in the treatment of mental and nervous disorders. To Dr. Noce for his studies of reserpine and its uses among the mentally ill and among mental defectives. To Dr. Laborit for his extensive studies of surgical shock and post-operative illness which resulted in the first application of chlorpromazine as a therapeutic agent. To Dr. Deniker for his introduction of chlorpromazine into psychiatry and for his demonstration that a medication can influence the clinical course of the major psychoses. To Dr. Lehmann for his demonstrations of the clinical uses of chlorpromazine in the treatment of mental disorders.
Richard E. Shope, M.D.
For outstanding contributions to the better understanding of infectious diseases in animals and man and his discovery of new microbiological principles of far-reaching importance.
1956
Jonas E. Salk, M.D.For developing a safe and effective vaccine against poliomyelitis.
V. Everett Kinsey, Ph.D. and Arnall Patz, M.D.
Joint award for discovering that excessive oxygen administration is the cause of retrolental fibroplasia (blinding) in premature babies.
Louis N. Katz, M.D.
For his contribution to cardiovascular research and his advancement of the thesis that experimental atherosclerosis is basically a metabolic disease that is preventable and reversible.
1955
C. Walton Lillehei, M.D.; Morley Cohen, M.D.; Herbert E. Warden, M.D.; and Richard L. Varco, M.D.Joint award for advances in cardiac surgery making possible more direct and safer approaches to the heart.
The Hoffmann-La Roche Research Laboratories; Squibb Institute for Medical Research; Edward H. Robitzek, M.D., Irving Selikoff, M.D.; Walsh McDermott, M.D.; and Carl Muschenheim, M.D.
Joint award for establishing the great efficacy of isoniazid drugs in the treatment of tuberculosis, meningitis and generalized miliary tuberculosis.
1954
Alfred Blalock, M.D.; Helen B. Taussig, M.D.; and Robert E. Gross, M.D.Joint award for distinguished contributions to cardiovascular surgery and knowledge.
1953
Paul Dudley White, M.D.For distinguished achievement in the pathology, diagnosis and treatment of heart disease.
1952
Conrad A. Eivehjem, Ph.D.For distinguished contributions to biochemical and nutrition research.
Frederick S. McKay, D.D.S. and H. Trendley Dean, D.D.S.
Joint award for leadership in the development of community wide fluoridation programs.
1951
Elise L'Esperance, M.D. and Catherine Macfarlane, M.D.Joint award for their pioneer work in developing cancer detection clinics for the discovery of early cancer or precancerous lesions in presumably healthy people.
William C. Lennox, M.D. and Frederic A. Gibbs, M.D.
Joint award for their research in epilepsy.
1950
George Papanicolaou, M.D.For outstanding contributions to the early diagnosis of cancer through cytological methods.
1949
Max Theiler L.R.C.P.*For distinguished experimental work leading directly to the production of two effective vaccines against yellow fever.
Edward C. Kendall, Pb.D.* and Pbilip S. Hencb, M.D.*
Joint award for their chemical physiological and clinical studies of adrenal hormones which culminated in the development of the use of cortisone in rheumatic disease therapy.
1946
John Friend Mahoney, M.D.For distinguished service as a pioneer in the treatment of syphilis with penicillin.
Carl Landsteiner, Pb.D.** (posthumously); Alexander S. Wiener, M.D.; and Philip Levine, M.D.
Joint award for the discovery of the RH factor of the blood, and its significance as a cause of sickness and death of infants before the afterbirth. and in blood transfusions.
* Albert Lasker Award Winner who later received the Nobel Prize.
** Nobel Laureate when the Albert Lasker Award for this work was given.
More winners 
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